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FCC Licensing - FAQs - Definitions and Acronyms
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Based on Part 90.7 Definitions, but
expanded and added upon. Antenna height above average terrain (AAT). Height of the center of the radiating element of the antenna above the average terrain. (See § 90.309(a)(4) for calculation method.) Also called HAAT (Height Above Average Terrain) Antenna height above sea level. The height of the topmost point of the antenna above mean sea level. Antenna structure. Structure on which an antenna is mounted. Assigned frequency. Center of a frequency band assigned to a station. Assigned frequency band. The frequency band the center of which coincides with the frequency assigned to the station and the width of which equals the necessary bandwidth plus twice the absolute value of the frequency tolerance. Authorized bandwidth. The frequency band, specified in kilohertz and centered on the carrier frequency containing those frequencies upon which a total of 99 percent of the radiated power appears, extended to include any discrete frequency upon which the power is at least 0.25 percent of the total radiated power. Automobile emergency licensee. Persons regularly engaged in any of the following activities who operate radio stations for transmission of communications required for dispatching repair trucks, tow trucks, or other road service vehicles to disabled vehicles:
Base station. A station at a specified site authorized to communicate with mobile stations. Basic trading areas. Service areas that are based on the Rand McNally 1992 Commercial Atlas & Marketing Guide, 123rd Edition, at pages 38–39, with the following additions licensed separately as BTA-like areas: American Samoa; Guam, Northern Mariana Islands; Mayaguez/Aguadilla-Ponce, Puerto Rico; San Juan, Puerto Rico; and the United States Virgin Islands. The Mayaguez/ Aguadilla-Ponce BTA-like service area consists of the following municipios: Adjuntas, Aguada, Aguadilla, Anasco, Arroyo, Cabo Rojo, Coamo, Guanica, Guayama, Guayanilla, Hormigueros, Isabela, Jayuya, Juana Diaz, Lajas, Las Marias, Maricao, Maunabo, Mayaguez, Moca, Patillas, Penuelas, Ponce, Quebradillas, Rincon, Sabana Grande, Salinas, San German, Santa Isabel, Villalba, and Yauco. The San Juan BTA-like service area consists of all other municipios in Puerto Rico. BDA: See Bi-Directional Amplifier or Signal Booster. Bi-Directional Amplifier: A Bi-Directional Amplifier is a transmitter/receiver (transceiver) which takes a weak signal in a certain area (usually, but not always in buildings), and repeats it in both directions for increased or "fill-in" coverage. For Part 90 rules, these are actually called "signal boosters" and their use is covered in 90.219 Carrier frequency. The frequency of an unmodulated electromagnetic wave. Cellular System (800 MHz). In the 806– 817 MHz/851–862 MHz band, a cellular system is defined as a high-density system which:
Channel loading. The number of mobile transmitters authorized to operate on a particular channel within the same service area. Communications zone. The service area associated with an individual fixed Roadside Unit (RSU). The communications zone is determined based on the RSU equipment class specified in section 90.375. Contention-based protocol. A protocol that allows multiple users to share the same spectrum by defining the events that must occur when two or more transmitters attempt to simultaneously access the same channel and establishing rules by which a transmitter provides reasonable opportunities for other transmitters to operate. Such a protocol may consist of procedures for initiating new transmissions, procedures for determining the state of the channel (available or unavailable), and procedures for managing retransmissions in the event of a busy channel. Control point. Any place from which a transmitter’s functions may be controlled. Control station. An Operational Fixed Station, the transmissions of which are used to control automatically the emissions or operation of another radio station at a specified location. Conventional radio system. A method of operation in which one or more radio frequency channels are assigned to mobile and base stations but are not employed as a trunked group. An ‘‘urban-conventional system’’ is one whose transmitter site is located within 24 km (15 miles) of the geographic center of any of the first 50 urbanized areas (ranked by population) of the United States. A ‘‘suburban-conventional system’’ is one whose transmitter site is located more than 24 km (15 miles) from the geographic center of the first 50 urbanized areas. See Table 21, Rank of Urbanized Areas in the United States by Population, page 1–87, U.S. Census (1970); and table 1 of § 90.635. Critical Infrastructure Industry (CII). Private internal radio services operated by State, local governments and non-government entities, including utilities, railroads, metropolitan transit systems, pipelines, private ambulances, volunteer fire departments, and not-for-profit organizations that offer emergency road services, provided these private internal radio services are used to protect safety of life, health, or property; and are not made commercially available to the public. Dedicated Short-Range Communications Services (DSRCS). The use of radio techniques to transfer data over short distances between roadside and mobile units, between mobile units, and between portable and mobile units to perform operations related to the improvement of traffic flow, traffic safety, and other intelligent transportation service applications in a variety of environments. DSRCS systems may also transmit status and instructional messages related to the units involved. Developmental operation. A specially licensed operation for the purpose of testing concepts in the use of radio appropriate to the radio services governed by this part. Dispatch point. Any place from which radio messages can be originated under the supervision of a control point. EA-based or EA license. A license authorizing the right to use a specified block of SMR or LMS spectrum within one of the 175 Economic Areas (EAs) as defined by the Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis. The EA Listings and the EA Map are available for public inspection at the Reference Information Center (Room CY-A257), 445 12th Steet, SW., Washington, DC 20554. Economic Areas (EAs). A total of 175 licensing regions based on the United States Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis Economic Areas defined as of February 1995, with the following exceptions:
Effective radiated power (ERP). The power supplied to an antenna multiplied by the relative gain of the antenna in a given direction. Take the power in watts coming out of your transmitter. Subtract any losses from your connections, duplexers, transmission lines, etc, and then multiple what is left by the gain of your antenna. This gives the ERP of the transmitter/antenna system. Emergency medical licensee. Persons or entities engaged in the provision of basic or advanced life support services on an ongoing basis that operate radio stations for transmission of communications essential for the delivery or rendition of emergency medical services for the provision of basic or advanced life support. Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio System (ESMR). A specialized mobile radio (SMR) system operating in the 800 MHz band which employs an 800 MHz cellular system as defined in this section. Primarily Nextel and Southern Link. ERP: Effective Radiated Power (see above) Film and video production licensee. Persons primarily engaged in or providing direct technical support to the production, videotaping, or filming of motion pictures or television programs, such as movies, programs, news programs, special events, educational programs, or training films, regardless of whether the productions are prepared primarily for final exhibition at theatrical outlets or on television or for distribution through other mass communications outlets. Fire licensee. Any territory, possession, state, city, county, town, or similar governmental entity, and persons or organizations charged with specific fire protection activities that operate radio stations for transmission of communications essential to official fire activities. Fixed relay station. A station at a specified site used to communicate with another station at another specified site. These stations are indicated on a license by an FX followed by a number which indicates the exact type of fixed station. (FX0, FX1, FX2, FX3, etc) Forest products licensee. Persons primarily engaged in tree logging, tree farming, or related woods operations, including related hauling activities, if the hauling activities are performed under contract to, and exclusively for, persons engaged in woods operations or engaged in manufacturing lumber, plywood, hardboard, or pulp and paper products from wood fiber. Forward links. Transmissions in the frequency bands specified in § 90.357(a) and used to control and interrogate the mobile units to be located by multilateration LMS systems. Frequency coordination. The process of obtaining the recommendation of a frequency coordinator for a frequency(ies) that will most effectively meet the applicant’s needs while minimizing interference t licensees already operating within a given frequency band.
Frequency coordinator. An entity or
organization that has been certified by the Commission to recommend
frequencies for use by licensees in the Private Land Mobile Radio Services.
FRN: FCC Registration Number. An FRN is a 10-digit number that is assigned to a business or individual registering with the FCC. If you wish to conduct business with the FCC, you must first register through the FCC's COmmission REgistration System (CORES). Upon registration, you will be assigned a FCC Registration Number (FRN). This number will be used to uniquely identify you in all transactions with the FCC. Geophysical telemetry. Telemetry involving the simultaneous transmission of seismic data from numerous locations to a central receiver and digital recording unit. Harmful interference. For the purposes of resolving conflicts between stations operating under this part, any emission, radiation, or induction which specifically degrades, obstructs, or interrupts the service provided by such stations. Height Above Average Terrain (HAAT). Height of the center of the radiating element of the antenna above the average terrain. (See § 90.309(a)(4) for calculation method.) Also called Antenna height above average terrain (AAT). If you really want to know how HAAT is calculated, go here. Interconnection. Connection through automatic or manual means of private land mobile radio stations with the facilities of the public switched telephone network to permit the transmission of messages or signals between points in the wireline or radio network of a public telephone company and persons served by private land mobile radio stations. Wireline or radio circuits or links furnished by common carriers, which are used by licensees or other authorized persons for transmitter control (including dial-up transmitter control circuits) or as an integral part of an authorized, private, internal system of communication or as an integral part of dispatch point circuits in a private land mobile radio station are not considered to be inter-connection for purposes of this rule part. Internal system. An internal system of communication is one in which all messages are transmitted between the fixed operating positions located on premises controlled by the licensee and the associated mobile stations or paging receivers of the licensee. (See sub-part O). Interoperability. An essential communication link within public safety and public service wireless communications systems which permits units from two or more different entities to interact with one another and to exchange information according to a prescribed method in order to achieve predictable results.
Itinerant operation. Operation of a radio station at unspecified
locations for varying periods of time. Land mobile radio system. A regularly interacting group of base, mobile and associated control and fixed relay stations intended to provide land mobile radio communications service over a single area of operation. Land station. A station in the mobile service not intended to be used while in motion. [As used in this part, the term may be used to describe a base (FB), control, fixed (FX0, FX1, FX2 etc), operational fixed or fixed relay station, or any such station authorized to operate in the ‘‘temporary’’ mode.] Letter of concurrence: A statement from either a coordinator, or a licensee, that they will accept a new user on "their" frequency from a new applicant. Letter of non-interference: A statement of a new applicant that they will take whatever action is necessary to alleviate, stop or prevent interference to co-channel users already licensed on the applied for frequency. Line A. An imaginary line within the U.S., approximately paralleling the U.S.-Canadian border, north of which Commission coordination with Canadian authorities in the assignment of frequencies is generally required. It begins at Aberdeen, Washington, running by great circle arc to the intersection of 48° N., 120° W., then along parallel 48° N., to the intersection of 95° W., thence by great circle arc through the southern most point of Duluth, Minn., thence by great circle arc to 45° N., 85° W., thence souuthward along meridian 85° W., to its intersection with parallel 41° N., thence along parallel 41° N. to its intersection with meridian . . . 82° W., thence by great circle arc through the southernmost point of Bangor, Maine, thence by great circle arc through the southernmost point of Searsport, Maine, at which point it terminates. Line C. An imaginary line in Alaska approximately paralleling the border with Canada, East of which Commission coordination with Canadian authorities in the assignment of frequencies is generally required. It begins at the intersection of 70° N., 144° W., thence by great circle arc to the intersection of 60° N., 143° W., thence by great circle arc so as to include all the Alaskan Panhandle. Location and Monitoring Service (LMS). The use of non-voice signaling methods to locate or monitor mobile radio units. LMS systems may transmit and receive voice and nonvoice status and instructional information related to such units. Major trading areas. Service areas based on the Rand McNally 1992 Commercial Atlas & Marketing Guide, 123rd Edition, at pages 38–39, with the following exceptions and additions:
Meteor burst communications. Communications by the propagation of radio signals reflected off ionized meteor trails. Mobile relay station. A base station in the mobile service authorized to re-transmit automatically on a mobile service frequency communications which originate on the transmitting frequency of the mobile station. This is commonly called a "repeater" in Part 90 applications. It's FCC code on licenses is generally FB2, but can be an FB4 (Community Repeater) FB6 (Commercial Repeater), FB8 (Trunked Repeater). In cellular and PCS, this is often called a "base station" which has an entirely different meaning in Part 90. Mobile repeater station. A mobile station authorized to retransmit automatically on a mobile service frequency, communications to or from hand-carried transmitters. Mobile service. A service of radio-communication between mobile and base stations, or between mobile stations. Mobile station. A station in the mobile service intended to be used while in motion or during halts at unspecified points. This includes hand carried transmitters. Motor carrier licensee. Persons primarily engaged in providing a common or contract motor carrier transportation service in any of the following activities: Provided, however, that motor vehicles used as taxicabs, livery vehicles, or school buses, and motor vehicles used for sightseeing or special charter purposes, shall not be included within the meaning of this term. For purposes of this definition, an urban area is defined as being one or more contiguous, incorporated or unincorporated cities, boroughs, towns, or villages, having an aggregate population of 2,500 or more persons.
MTA-based license or MTA license. A license authorizing the right to use a specified block of SMR spectrum within one of the 51 Major Trading Areas (‘‘MTAs’’), as embodied in Rand McNally’s Trading Area System MTA Diskette and geographically represented in the map contained in Rand McNally’s Commercial Atlas & Marketing Guide (the ‘‘MTA Map’’). The MTA Listings, the MTA Map and the Rand McNally/AMTA license agreement are available for public inspection at the Reference Information Center in the Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau.
Multilateration LMS system. A system that is designed to locate vehicles
or other objects by measuring the difference of time of arrival, or
difference in phase, of signals transmitted from a unit to a number of fixed
points or from a number of fixed points to the unit to be located. Narrow-band: In different context, this means different things. In the Part 90 re-farming process, it means any channel that has a 12.5 kHz or 6.25 kHz frequency band-width instead of the original 25 kHz or 30 kHz bandwidth. Navigable waters. This term, as used in reference to waters of the United States, its territories and possessions, means the waters shoreward of the baseline of its territorial sea and internal waters as contained in 33 CFR 2.05–25. 900 MHz SMR MTA-based license or MTA license. A license authorizing the right to use a specified block of 900 MHz SMR spectrum within one of the 47 Major Trading Areas (‘‘MTAs’’), as embodied in Rand McNally’s Trading Areas System MTA Diskette and geographically represented in the map contained in Rand McNally’s Commercial Atlas & Marketing Guide (the ‘‘MTA Map’’), with the following exceptions and additions:
Non-multilateration LMS System. A system that employs any of a number of non-multilateration technologies to transmit information to and/or from vehicular units.
On-Board unit (OBU). An On-Board Unit is a DSRCS transceiver that is
normally mounted in or on a vehicle, or which in some instances may be a
portable unit. An OBU can be operational while a vehicle or person is either
mobile or stationary. The OBUs receive and contend for time to transmit on
one or more radio frequency (RF) channels. Except where specifically
excluded, OBU operation is permitted wherever vehicle operation or human
passage is permitted. The OBUs mounted in vehicles are licensed by rule
under part 95 of this chapter and communicate with Roadside Units (RSUs) and
other OBUs. Portable OBUs are also licensed by rule under part 95 of this
chapter. OBU operations in the Unlicensed National Information
Infrastructure (UNII) Bands follow the rules in those bands. Output power. The radio frequency output power of a transmitter’s final radio frequency stage as measured at the output terminal while connected to a load of the impedance recommended by the manufacturer. Paging. A one-way communications service from a base station to mobile or fixed receivers that provide signaling or information transfer by such means as tone, tone-voice, tactile, optical readout, etc. Person. An individual, partnership, association, joint stock company, trust or corporation. Petroleum licensee. Persons primarily engaged in prospecting for, producing, collecting, refining, or transporting by means of pipeline, petroleum or petroleum products (including natural gas). PLMR: Private Land Mobile Radio. The frequencies, rules and systems that are authorized under Title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 90 (47CFR90). Police licensee. Any territory, possession, state, city, county, town, or similar governmental entity including a governmental institution authorized by law to provide its own police protection that operate radio stations for transmission of communications essential to official police activities. Power licensee. Persons primarily engaged in any of the following activities:
Private carrier. An entity licensed in the private services and authorized to provide communications service to other private services on a commercial basis. Radio call box. A transmitter used by the public to request fire, police, medical, road service, or other emergency assistance. Radiodetermination. The determination of position, or the obtaining of information relating to position, by means of the propagation of radio waves. Radiofacsimile. A system of radio-communication for the transmission of fixed images, with or without half-tones, with a view to their reproduction in a permanent form. Radiolocation. Radiodetermination used for purposes other than those of radionavigation.
Radionavigation. Radiodetermination used for the purposes of navigation,
including obstruction warning. Railroad licensee. Railroad common carriers which are regularly engaged in the transportation of passengers or property when such passengers or property are transported over all or part of their route by railroad. Refarming: is the informal name of a notice and comment rule-making proceeding (PR Docket No. 92-235) opened in 1992 to develop an overall strategy for using the spectrum in the private land mobile radio (PLMR) allocations more efficiently to meet future communications requirements.
Regional Economic Area Groupings (REAGs). The six geographic areas for
Regional licensing in the 220–222 MHz band, based on the United States
Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis Economic Areas (see 60 FR
13114 (March 10, 1995)) defined as of February 1995, and specified as
follows: Regional license. A license authorizing the right to use a specified block of 220–222 MHz spectrum within one of six Regional Economic Area Groupings (REAGs). Relay press licensee. Persons primarily engaged in the publication of a newspaper or in the operation of an established press association. Roadside unit (RSU). A Roadside Unit is a DSRC transceiver that is mounted along a road or pedestrian passageway. An RSU may also be mounted on a vehicle or is hand carried, but it may only operate when the vehicle or handcarried unit is stationary. Furthermore, an RSU operating under this part is restricted to the location where it is licensed to operate. However, portable or handheld RSUs are permitted to operate where they do not interfere with a site-licensed operation. A RSU broadcasts data to OBUs or exchanges data with OBUs in its communications zone. An RSU also provides channel assignments and operating instructions to OBUs in its communications zone, when required. Roadway bed surface. For DSRCS, the road surface at ground level. Secondary operation. Radio communications which may not cause interference to operations authorized on a primary basis and which are not protected from interference from those primary operations.
Signal booster. A device at a fixed location which automatically
receives, amplifies, and retransmits on a one-way or two-way basis, the
signals received from base, fixed, mobile, and portable stations, with no
change in frequency or authorized bandwidth. A signal booster may be either
narrowband (Class A), in which case the booster amplifies only those
discrete frequencies intended to be retransmitted, or broadband (Class B),
in which case all signals within the passband of the signal booster filter
are amplified. Special industrial licensee. Persons regularly engaged in any of the following activities:
SMSA (Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area). A city of 50,000 or more population and the surrounding counties.
State. Any of the 50 United States, the District of Columbia, the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and Guam. Taxicab licensee. Persons regularly engaged in furnishing to the public for hire a nonscheduled passenger land transportation service (which may also include the occasional transport of small items of property) not operated over a regular route or between established terminals. Telecommand. The transmission of non voice signals for the purpose of remotely controlling a device. Telemetering (also telemetry). The transmission of non-voice signals for the purpose of automatically indicating or recording measurements at a distance from the measuring instrument. Telephone maintenance licensee. Communications common carriers engaged in the provision of landline local exchange telephone service, or inter-exchange communications service, or who provide wire-telegraph service, and radio communications common carriers authorized in the Point-to-Point Microwave Radio Service under part 21 of this chapter. Resellers that do not own or control transmission facilities is not included in this category. Travelers’ information station. A base station in the Local Government Radio Service used to transmit non-commercial, voice information pertaining to traffic and road conditions, traffic hazard and traveler advisories, directions, availability of lodging, rest stops, and service stations, and descriptions of local points of interest. Trunk (telephony). A one or two-way channel provided as a common traffic artery between switching equipment.
Trunk group. All of the trunks of a given type of characteristic that
extend between two switching points. 220 MHz service. The radio service for the licensing of frequencies in the 220– 222 MHz band. Universal Licensing System (ULS). The consolidated database, application filing system and processing system for all Wireless Telecommunications Services. The ULS offers Wireless Telecommunications Bureau (WTB) applicants and the general public electronic filing of all applications requests, and full public access to all WTB licensing data.
Urbanized area. A city and the surrounding closely settled territories.
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